Příjem potravy a vody
Chameleoni jsou insektivorní (hmyzožraví) ještěři...
...a nepřijímají jinou než živou potravu. Některé druhy, jako např. Chameleon jemenský, přijímají částečně i rostlinnou potravu. Určitě, ale nejsou vegetariáni. Rostlinná strava (kousky mandarinek, jablek, rajčat, květy pampelišek, listy rostlin v teráriu) tvoří jen okolo 2% jejich jídelníčku. Zbytek tvoří již zmiňovaný živý hmyz.
Nesnažte se chameleona předělat na býložravce - nepřežil by to!
Plazi, tedy i chameleoni, vydrží poměrně dlouho (cca 7-10 dní) hladovět, aniž by to na ně mělo negativní vliv.
Výjimku tvoří mláďata, která by měla mít zajištěn stálý přísun vhodné potravy správné velikosti. U mláďat se totiž může stát, že neodhadnou velikost hmyzu, který chtějí pozřít a mohou se jím zadusit. Mláďata proto krmíme malými cvrčky a různými druhy much. Nemáme-li k dispozici malé (nedospělé) cvrčky, krmíme menšími druhy dospělých cvrčků, kterým nůžkami odstřihneme krovky, aby nedošlo k již zmiňovanému zadušení nebo poškození sliznice v tlamičce.
U dospělých chameleonů krovky odstříhávat nemusíme.
Platí však pravidlo, že je nekrmíme potravou, která přesahuje 3/4 velikosti hlavy. Chameleon nedokáže potravu rozkousat a proto ji polyká celou. Pohyb čelistí připomínající kousání slouží pouze k usmrcení potravy.
Chameleona krmíme denně (v tomto případě je vhodné 1 den v týdnu potravu vůbec nepodávat,aby došlo k pročištění trávicího traktu) nebo obden. Krmná dávka chameleona krmeného obden se pohybuje okolo 10-15 cvrčků. U jedinců krmených denně je samozřejmě krmná dávka menší.
S potravou zároveň podáváme vitamíny a to nejlépe tak, že v nich hmyz před podáním jednoduše vyválíme. Potřebujeme-li z nějakého důvodu zvýšit dávku vitamínů, hmyz nejprve navlhčíme a poté ho ve vitamínové směsi obalíme jako řízek ve strouhance.
Stejný systém jako s vitamíny doporučuji aplikovat i s vápníkem. Já osobně krmím chameleona 5 krát týdně a z toho 1krát podávám hmyz vyválený ve vitamínové směsi (obsahuje i malé množství vápníku) a 3 krát ve vápníku. Jednu dávku neobaluji vůbec.
Pokud budete přes léto chameleonovi podávat hmyz, který si opatříte smýkáním, můžete dávky vitamínů snížit. Krmení smýkaným hmyzem je pro chameleony velmi příjemné zpestření jídelníčku a navíc má pozitivní vliv na jejich zažívání.
Podávání jen jednoho druhu hmyzu není příliš vhodné a časem může vést až k trávicím problémům a odmítání potravy.
Příjem vody:
Chameleoni pijí v drtivé většině jen tekoucí vodu nebo vodu stékající či zachycenou na listech rostlin.
Z tohoto důvodu je nezbytné terárium rosit, alespoň jednou denně. U mláďat minimálně dvakrát za den.
Další možností napájení chameleona je podávání vody pipetou. Tento způsob praktikuji i já a myslím,že je velmi výhodný v tom, že neustále vím kolik chamík přijímá vody. Chameleon se tuto metodu velmi rychle naučil. Nejprve jsem mu dělal pipetou na špičku tlamky malé kapky (musíte dát, ale pozor, abyste kapku neudělali přes nosní dírky !!!!!!!!!!!) a když je začal olizovat tak jsem mu z pipety začal pomalu pouštět vodu na jazyk.
Dnes když vidí pipetu, tak už otevírá tlamku.
Příjem vody u chameleonů není nijak veliký. Můj chamík mi přijímá vodu z pipety 3-4x za týden v množství několika mililitrů.
Umělé krmení
Než přikročíte k tomuto poměrně drastickému opatření, měli byste vyzkoušet všechno ostatní: upravit teplotu v teráriu (nejčastěji zvýšit), napojit chameleona stříkáním vody přímo do tlamičky, přemístit ho do vhodnějšího (tj. ve většině případů většího) terária a nabídnout mu jinou potravu.
Pokud nic z těchto věcí nezabere, přistoupíme k násilnému krmení.
Chameleon, který nemá porušené trávení (což většinou poznáme podle trusu - je kašovitý až úplně řídký a často velmi zapáchá) krmíme tak, že jim opatrně rozevřeme tlamičku, vložíme jim do ní jejich obvyklou potravu (usmrcenou) a v případě nutnosti zasuneme do jícnu. Vmasírováním pak posuneme potravu až do břišní části.
Někdy stačí chameleona vyprovokovat k útoku nebo zastrašujícímu syčení a pak mu strčit potravu do tlamičky a zatlačit do jícnu.
Pokud to nejde, tlamičku otvíráme vždy měkkým a zaobleným předmětem (např. z gumy nebo měkké umělé hmoty). Tím se vyhneme případnému poškození zubů nebo dásní a následně případnému infekčnímu onemocnění.
Chameleoni dokážou svými čelistmi vyvinout úcty hodný tlak, ale kůstky jejich čelistí jsou velice křehké a snadno se poškodí, což může způsobit úhyn zvířete.
K umělému krmení doporučuji přibrat pomocníka.
Pokud má chameleon narušené trávení, krmíme ho rozmixovanou potravou s příměsí pepsinu nebo jiné látky podporující trávení. Při tom musíme počítat s tím, že trávicí šťávy plazů musí vykonat mnohem těžší práci než ty naše a jsou tedy 10x až 12x účinnější. Při těžkých trávicích poruchách dopravujeme potravu do chameleonovi tlamky tenkou gumovou hadičkou a napájíme ho slabým vlažným heřmánkovým odvarem s přiměřeným množstvím glukózy.
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